Diet 5: composition, menu for the day, list of products

Diet No. 5 is a therapeutic diet for people with liver and gallbladder diseases.

Basic principles of nutrition

The diet was developed by Soviet doctors and published in the book “On Tasty and Healthy Food.”

It promotes maximum sparing of the diseased organ, restoration of its functions, improvement of the composition of bile, and the process of bile secretion. On the other hand, the body is provided with the necessary amount of proteins, fats, mineral salts, vitamins and other substances.

When compiling this diet, the following basic principles must be observed:

• a sufficient amount of complete, easily digestible protein in the diet;
• the quality and quantity of fats are determined by the patient’s condition. If it is necessary to enhance the choleretic effect of the diet, the content of vegetable fats is increased, especially for constipation;
• the amount of carbohydrates in the diet should not exceed the physiological norm, and for obese patients it can be reduced;
• thorough culinary processing of food (boiled, chopped or pureed food if necessary) for maximum sparing of the digestive organs;
• frequent split meals, which ensure good digestion and assimilation, have a choleretic effect, improve intestinal motility, and promote its regular action;
• inclusion of foods rich in fiber in the diet, which increases the choleretic effect of the diet, ensures maximum release of cholesterol during bowel movements.

Chemical composition

The daily diet should contain:

• 100-120 g of proteins (of which at least 50% are animal),
• 80=90 g fats (including vegetable fats up to 40%),
• up to 450 g of carbohydrates (of which sugar no more than 70 g).

The salt content is 10 g, with edema it is reduced to 4-5 g or completely eliminated.

The food temperature is normal.

The recommended amount of liquid is 1.5-2 liters per day.

 General recommendations for use

Diet number 5 can be used for a long time of 1.5-2 years. You should only expand your menu after consulting your doctor.

During an exacerbation, a more gentle diet 5a is recommended, in which all dishes are prepared pureed. Protein dishes should be steamed in the form of quenelles or soufflés. Avoid foods that contain coarse fiber and are rich in cholesterol.

This diet is prescribed for 1.5-2 weeks, after which the patient is gradually transferred to diet No. 5.

Authorized Products

Food should be taken at least 4 times a day, preferably 5-6 times a day.

1. Bread products - yesterday's baked or dried wheat bread, rye bread made from wholemeal flour, cookies and other products made from soft dough.
2. Soups - from vegetables, cereals, pasta in vegetable broth or milk, fruit, borscht, beetroot soup, cabbage soup from fresh cabbage (flour and vegetables are not sautéed).
3. Meat and poultry dishes - lean varieties of meat and poultry (veal, beef, chicken) boiled or baked, as well as stewed (with juice removed). Meat and poultry are prepared in pieces or minced meat.
4. Fish dishes - low-fat fish in boiled or baked (after boiling) form.
5. Fats - butter (25-30 g), vegetable oil (30-50 g), olive, sunflower, corn are added to ready-made dishes in their natural form without cooking.
6. Vegetables - boiled, baked vegetables (fresh and non-acidic sauerkraut, carrots, pumpkin, zucchini, green peas, young beans). Onions can be added only after boiling. Vegetables and vegetable juices can also be consumed raw, especially for constipation.
7. Cereals and pasta - crumbly and semi-viscous porridges, especially rolled oatmeal and buckwheat, casseroles from cereals and pasta.
8. Eggs – You can eat no more than 1 egg per day or two egg whites when making an egg white omelet.
9. Fruits and berries - all except very sour varieties (lemon with sugar is allowed). Compotes, jelly, puree, jam, honey are recommended.
10. Dairy products - natural whole milk, condensed milk, dry milk, sour cream, fresh cottage cheese, cheese, curdled milk, kefir, acidophilus.
11. Sauces - milk, sour cream with vegetable broth, fruit and berry sauces (spices are excluded, flour for sauces is not sautéed with butter).
12. Appetizers - soaked herring, vegetable salads, vinaigrettes, gelatin-filled fish, boiled tongue, curd paste.
13. Drinks - sweet fruit and berry juices, tomato juice, tea, weak natural coffee with milk, rose hip decoction.

Prohibited Products

Completely excluded from the diet:

• fatty pork,
• mutton,
• goose,
• duck,
• fried foods,
• refractory fats,
• rich broths,
• smoked meats,
• canned food,
• cocoa,
• chocolate,
• sorrel,
• spinach,
• mushrooms,
• any alcoholic drinks,
• cold drinks,
• ice cream.

Sample menu for one day of diet 5

For the whole day, 200 grams of white bread, 200 grams of rye bread, 50-70 grams of sugar are recommended.

The first breakfast is eaten before work and includes

• curd pudding (150 g),
• oatmeal - 150 g,
• tea with milk (1 glass).

The second breakfast is eaten during the lunch break.

It consists of the following dishes:

• boiled chicken with rice,
• crumbly buckwheat porridge with butter, tea, bread.

Lunch (after work)

• vegetarian potato soup with sour cream - 1 plate,
• boiled meat baked in white milk sauce - 125 grams,
• zucchini stewed in sour cream - 200 grams,
• apple juice jelly - 200 grams.

Dinner (at 19 o'clock)

• boiled fish - 100 g,
• mashed potatoes - 200 g,
• tea with lemon - 1 glass.

Sample menu for one day of diet 5a

First breakfast (before work)

• protein omelette of two proteins - 100 g,
• semolina milk porridge - 150 g,
• tea with milk - 1 glass.

Second breakfast (during lunch break)

• steamed meat cutlets - 125 g,
• pureed buckwheat porridge with olive oil - 150 g,
• tea, bread.

Lunch (after work)

• rice soup with pureed vegetables (½ serving),
• boiled chicken in white sauce - 115 g,
• pureed buckwheat porridge - 150 g,
• milk jelly - 125 g.

Dinner

• boiled fish (85g),
• mashed potatoes - 150 g,
• tea with milk - 1 glass.